It is known that the capitalist system contributes to increasing inequalities on the planet and, besides, destroys natural resources and poisons the atmosphere (Wood, 2001). The Critical Theory aims to denounce these evils and second Noble (2004), claim that capitalism meets the sustainable development promise he has done throughout its existence. In this scenario, the authors wish to know if the Social Enterprise is an alternative to national organizational model by the system. For this, they identified the main currents that make up the organizational critical studies with their, respective, similarities and contradictions. Following resorted to studies that relate to the theme Social Business questioning their meanings and differences. Finally, they used the main parameters that define the critical organizational studies to evaluate the Social Enterprise model. The authors found, from Faria (2009), the Frankfurt School Critical Theory is composed of three phases led by Horkheimer, Habermas and Honneth, respectively. The first is distinguished by developing their studies from Marx's work, however, both have social purposes and are guided by the Frankfurt School. Critical theory in organizational studies, another set of current research follows the same of the previous assumptions. However, the foundation that led to Critical Management Studies and critical analysis in organizational studies does not classify them as Critical Theory. They also found, from Sementelli and Abel's work (2000), Thorstein Veblen who contributed to compose the Critical Theory. Veblen is opposed to capitalism and aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice, since the traditional Critical Theory did not. From these and other texts, the authors constructed the theoretical basis in the field of critical organizational studies, to examine the Social Enterprises. The term Social Enterprise is recent and its limits are not yet defined. However, Evers and Laville (2004) present their requirements: possess high degree of autonomy; perform social actions; prioritize the participation of civil society and local representatives; counter market relations and eventually reverse the positive results for the community. She stands in the third sector with nonprofits, cooperatives and associations. Therefore, the main authors dealing with this subject have defined the third first sector and then the organizations that occupy. Among these authors are: Defourny and Nyssens (2007), Evers and Laville (2004), Evers and Schulze-Boing (2001), Jēgers (2008), Laville and Nyssens (2001) and Comini and Theodosius (2012) among others. The Social Enterprise differs from the others, both in form mobilizing their social capital and, by the way establishing their economic relations and, depending on the country, there is no consensus as to its acceptability. In Alves (2001), the American researcher Margaret Blair concluded that there are flaws in the concept of Social Enterprises and this concept requires more theoretical basis. Therefore, as envisioned in the 60s and 70s, the model did not prosper. Because of its failure compared to classical company, showed up proposed new organization. Denoted by Corporate Citizen, the new concept wins fans in the world. This is a company focused on generating wealth, but a socially responsible manner. After discussing the concept of Social Enterprise, the authors returned to critical organizational studies and identified its main parameters. In Davel and Alcadipani (2002), saw that the company should be socially and historically constructed (denaturalization), your goal should be human and not economic (performance) and must form a critical conscience (emancipation). In Garcia and Bronzo (2000), found that your target audience is in the segments at a disadvantage. In Greckhamer (2010), found that it should represent the social reality scientifically. The authors saw in Veblen the importance and complexity of approaching theory and practice. By analyzing the model of Social Business, from the aforementioned parameters, the authors found that this is a good alternative in view of the critical organizational studies, but that there is a gap between theory and practice. Considering the importance of closer links between these fields, the test ends up suggesting further research in this dimension.
Keywords: Social Enterprise, Organizational Critical Studies, Economic System.
The__dis__advantages_of_social_enterprises_in_the_perspective_of_critical_organizational_studies.pdf 