Configuring Governance in Sustainable Cut-flower Value Chains

There have been a number of academic outputs and activist reports which have highlighted problematic working conditions, social challenges and environmental degradation linked to cut-flower production. Global cut-flower value... [ view full abstract ]

There have been a number of academic outputs and activist reports which have highlighted problematic working conditions, social challenges and environmental degradation linked to cut-flower production. Global cut-flower value chains which target northern European supermarkets are unusual in that there is less application of standards and certifications compared to other fresh product value chains, which almost routinely require standards such as GlobalGap and often an ethical certification. However, there is increasing evidence that stakeholders within cut-flower value chains are beginning to recognise the need to apply a range of sustainability standards. Identifying effective institutional governance arrangements through which to drive these standards is a significant challenge but is clearly of critical importance if the global cut-flower industry’s practices are to become more closely aligned with the ideals of a socially just circular economy and if risks from climate change are to be mitigated. This paper draws upon multi-locale research into cut-flower supply chains which is being undertaken through the ‘Global Cut-flower Production Networks’ research project at Coventry University. This project examines the evolution of standards and certifications within the cut-flower industry worldwide. Specific focus will be placed upon research into the South African cut-flower industry, which includes the ‘sustainably harvested’ wild flower sector. The paper will (i) demonstrate the spaces within which different forms of governance and regulation operate within the cut-flower sector; (ii) critically evaluate the nature of the gaps that exist in relation to ethical and environmental sustainability measures; (iii) examine who benefits most from the ethical-sustainability standards that are applied; and (iv) outline the implications of rising South-South trade. The paper will conclude by reflecting upon the implications for moving ‘beyond audit’ within supply chain governance and the contributions such moves can make towards the implementation of truly sustainable practices. Analytical framing is drawn from the fields of Global Production Network theory and postcolonial theories which critique the ethnocentrism inherent in the design and implementation of ethical and sustainability standards within global value chains.

Keywords: Cut-flower, value chains, sustainability, Global Production Networks, certifications.