Strategic Environmental Assessment in Indonesia Legal System: Integrated Spatial Planning Regulation Perspective Towards Sustainable Development Goals

Humans as part of the environment always try to improve their standard of living. When the impact of development has affected life, humans choose to adapt existing circumstances. In Indonesia, many communities in urban areas... [ view full abstract ]

Humans as part of the environment always try to improve their standard of living. When the impact of development has affected life, humans choose to adapt existing circumstances. In Indonesia, many communities in urban areas want to live in improper regions, due to poverty and social inequalities, even settling in dangerous areas such as river borders, hazard-prone areas and industrial zones with high levels of pollution. In line with the 11th principle of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Indonesia seeks to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable based on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) approach. Spatial Planning Regulation as the legal instrument intended to integrate all activities related environment in Indonesia is the primary instrument to support. The spatial plan primarily provides legal certainty for all businesses. The importance of such documents requires the excellent quality of the spatial planning process including the rules. This research is aimed to examine the relevance of SEA in the process of spatial planning. To realize the SDGs, spatial plan in Indonesia becomes the most important legal document. To make it happen, the quality improvement in the planning process is significant. Moreover, the guarantee and certainty of the SEA are indeed used as the basis for determining the function and appropriation of an area, especially in urban areas.  This study uses the approach of legislation, conceptual and comparative. The method of analysis of legal principles is based on the behavior of the community, where research on policies is a philosophical study and contains the ideal element of law and support by research on legal systematics concerning constitutional symptoms and associated with the legislation. Based on the results of the research, SEA has not been entirely used as the basis for planning the spatial plan of the urban area, due to government policies that have not been oriented towards environmental interests to realize the integration between the people and the cities. The law should be directed to accomplish harmonious, productive and sustainable cities with the people. Towns and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable will be realized when every decision maker makes the environmental protection objective approach paradigm. Spatial plans drawn up by concrete and direct ecological approach will realize the goal of the SDGs as well as the country's goal of creating a just, prosperous and equitable society to ensure the needs of present and future generations.