Mains Interfaces for Future 400V DC Distribution Systems and EV Battery Charging
Johann Kolar and Roman Bosshard
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich
Johann W. Kolar is a Fellow of the IEEE and received his M.Sc. and Ph.D. degree (summa cum laude) from the University of Technology Vienna, Austria. He is currently a Full Professor and the Head of the Power Electronic Systems Laboratory at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich. Dr. Kolar has proposed numerous novel PWM converter topologies, and modulation and control concepts, e.g., the Vienna Rectifier, the Swiss Rectifier, and the Three-Phase AC-AC Sparse Matrix Converter and has published over 600 scientific papers in international journals and conference proceedings and has filed more than 100 patents.
Roman Bosshard received the M.Sc. degree from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Switzerland, in 2011. During his studies, he focused on power electronics, electrical drive systems, and control of mechatronic systems. As part of his M.Sc. degree, Roman Bosshard participated in a development project at ABB Switzerland as an intern, working on a motor controller for traction converters in urban transportation applications. In his Master Thesis, he developed a sensorless current and speed controller for a ultrahigh-speed electrical drive system with CELEROTON, an ETH Spin-off founded by former Ph.D. students of the Power Electronic Systems Laboratory at ETH Zurich.
In 2011, he joined the Power Electronic Systems Laboratory at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree. His main research area is inductive power transfer systems for electric vehicle battery charging, where he published five papers at international IEEE conferences and one paper in the IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.
Abstract
The power supply of modern IT infrastructure and the charging of the batteries of plug-in hybrid or fully-electric vehicles inherently requires the conversion of power from the AC mains into DC quantities, whereby three-phase... [ view full abstract ]
The power supply of modern IT infrastructure and the charging of the batteries of plug-in hybrid or fully-electric vehicles inherently requires the conversion of power from the AC mains into DC quantities, whereby three-phase power factor corrected (PFC) mains interfaces are applied for higher power levels.
In this Tutorial first boost-type three-phase PFC rectifier topologies with sinusoidal input currents and controlled DC output voltage, as typically employed in datacenters or telecom installations are derived from known single-phase PFC rectifier systems. The systems are classified into third-harmonic injection concepts and fully active topologies such as the VIENNA Rectifier and Delta Switch Rectifier, and their functionality and basic control concepts are briefly described. Furthermore, DC/DC converter topologies for the isolation and adaption of the rectifier stage output voltage to the required output voltage level are briefly presented. Subsequently, the requirements of three-phase AC/DC converters for high power EV charging are discussed, where the focus is on Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) as a convenient and safe solution compared to conductive charging. The basics of WPT are comprehensively summarized in analytical form and it is clarified, that a mains interface with variable output voltage, i.e. with buck-type characteristic is required (in combination with a secondary/load side DC/DC converter) to facilitate a maximum efficiency operation in a wide power and battery voltage range. Next, the application of buck-type AC/DC mains interfaces for supplying 400V DC distribution systems which are currently intensively discussed e.g. for increasing the efficiency of future datacenters is described. Unidirectional and bidirectional buck-type three-phase PFC rectifier topologies are presented and classified, including the third-harmonic injection based SWISS rectifier and Integrated Active Filter approach besides fully active conventional six-switch and three-switch topologies.
Finally, analytical formulas for calculating the current stresses on the power semiconductors of selected converter topologies are provided and rectifier systems offering a high potential for industrial applications are comparatively evaluated. Furthermore, hardware demonstrators and experimental measurement results of several boost- and buck-type topologies in the 10kW power range and of a 96.5% efficient 5kW /52mm air gap/210mm coil diameter WPT system are presented and topics of future research in the area are summarized.
Session
Tue-2a » Tutorial, Kolar (13:30 - Tuesday, 24th June, ENG2001)
