Prevalence of antibodies to selected viruses and parasites in introduced and endemic carnivores in Western Madagascar

Introduced animals are impacting endemic populations through predation, competition, and disease transmission. Populations of endemic carnivores in Madagascar are declining and pathogens transmitted from introduced animal... [ view full abstract ]

Introduced animals are impacting endemic populations through predation, competition, and disease transmission. Populations of endemic carnivores in Madagascar are declining and pathogens transmitted from introduced animal species may further endanger these unique species. Here, we assess the exposure of introduced and endemic carnivore species to common viral and parasitic pathogens in two national parks of Madagascar (Kirindy Mitea National Park and Ankarafantsika National Park) and their neighboring villages. We also identified variables associated with the presence of antibodies to these pathogens in fosa (Cryptoprocta ferox). We show that introduced and endemic species are exposed to canine parvovirus, canine herpesvirus, feline calicivirus and Toxoplasma gondii. Dogs (Canis familiaris) and cats (Felis catus) may constitute sources of infection for these pathogens. Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma in captured fosa was over 93% and adults were more likely to be exposed than immature individuals. This study provides a basis upon which to evaluate and manage the risks of pathogen transmission across species in Madagascar.