- A statement of the empirical or theoretical question locating it within the scientific literature; What is the relationship between mindset, social entrepreneurship, culture and sustainability?
- A concise account of the empirical or theoretical methodological approach; Case Study
- The main argument of the paper; Can social enterprise help overcome the current crises? If it would be a possibility to make breakthrough by social entrepreneurship, how? Bill Drayton, Founder of Ashoka, argues “What is needed now is changing the world’s mindset.” Beugré (2016) defines mindset as follows; "A mindset is a particular way of seeing the world and things around us. In entrepreneurship, a mindset is a particular way of looking at opportunities and how business should (or should not) be conducted." However, Beugré also argues “this characterization of the entrepreneurial mindset was discussed with respect to commercial entrepreneurship, it could easily apply to social entrepreneurship.” To date, few studies exist that examine the definition of the mindset of social entrepreneurship. If people whose mindset shifted by social enterprise perceive and act collectively, then it would be a new culture for wellbeing. Schein (2010) defines culture as follows. “The culture of a group can now be defined as a pattern of shared basic assumptions learned by a group as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, which has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems.” Shane also states that “Culture is a stabilizer, a conservative force, and a way of making things meaningful and predictable.” In for-profit perspective, it would be safe to say organization culture affects macroculture to some extent (e.g. McDonalds, Starbucks, Apple, etc.). On the other hand, in nonprofit perspective, firstly, we define the mindset for social entrepreneurship. Second, we propose a new framework to articulate the relationship between mindset, social entrepreneurship, culture, and sustainability. Most importantly, Theory of Change (ToC) is needed to support the framework. Then, we conduct case study of three social enterprises of Teach For America (USA), Roots of Empathy (Canada), Kamonohashi Project (Japan, Cambodia and India). This paper aims to discover the conceptual relationship between mindset, social entrepreneurship, culture, and sustainability by proposing a new framework through case study.
- A statement of the main conclusions and their relevance to an international audience; Although there are few studies to date about the relationship between mindset, social entrepreneurship, culture, and sustainability, social entrepreneurs build the mindset, develop their social enterprises through stages of social entrepreneurship, and culture for sustainable society. Through the argument and new framework proposed in this paper, we hope a new area of research would be presented to overcome the current crisis in international society.
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Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Smith, V., Zaidman-Zait, A., & Hertzman, C. (2012). Promoting children’s prosocial behaviors in school: Impact of the “Roots of Empathy” program on the social and emotional competence of school-aged children. School Mental Health, 4(1), 1-21.
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Taplin, D. H., Clark, H., Collins, E., & Colby, D. C. (2013). Theory of Change.
1. Concepts and models of social enterprise worldwide
