NASA's Electric Sail Propulsion System Investigations
Bruce Wiegmann
NASA-MSFC
Bruce Wiegmann is the Principal Investigator for the Heliophysics Electrostatic Rapid Transit System (HERTS) or Electric Sail propulsion (E-Sail) at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama. The E-Sail is one of seven 2015 Phase II NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) projects selected for further development by NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate. It is the first Phase II NIAC award won by a MSFC employee. Mr. Wiegmann’s research and investigations in E-Sail propulsion technology, if successful, will enable scientific spacecraft to reach the edge of our solar system, also known as the Heliopause, within ten years and into interstellar space within twelve years. For reference, it took around 35 years for the Voyager 1 spacecraft, launched in 1977, to reach interstellar space. He has supported the MSFC Advanced Concepts Office since 2008, leading studies relating to on-orbit debris removal, electrodynamic tethers and cost-effective space transportation methods to get various NASA Research and Technology payloads to destinations that are Beyond Earth’s Orbit (BEO). Mr. Wiegmann graduated from West Virginia Institute of Technology in May 1981 with a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering. He joined MSFC in 1982 after having worked a year in the oil exploration industry of East Texas and Southern Mississippi.
Abstract
Personnel from NASA’s MSFC have been investigating the feasibility of an advanced propulsion system known as the Electric Sail for future scientific missions of exploration. This team initially won a NASA Space Technology... [ view full abstract ]
Personnel from NASA’s MSFC have been investigating the feasibility of an advanced propulsion system known as the Electric Sail for future scientific missions of exploration. This team initially won a NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) Phase I NASA Innovative Advanced Concept (NIAC) award and then a two year follow-on Phase II NIAC award. This paper documents the findings from this three year investigation.
An Electric sail propulsion system is a propellant-less and extremely fast propulsion system that takes advantage of the ions that are present in the solar wind to provide very rapid transit speeds whether to deep space or to the inner solar system. Scientific spacecraft could arrive to Pluto in ~5 years, to the boundary of the solar system in ten to twelve years vs thirty five plus years it took the Voyager spacecraft.
The team’s recent focused activities are:
- Developing a Particle in Cell (PIC) numeric engineering model from the experimental data collected at MSFC’s Solar Wind Facility on the interaction between simulated solar wind interaction with a charged bare wire that can be applied to a variety of missions,
- The development of the necessary tether deployers/tethers to enable successful deployment of multiple, multi km length bare tethers,
- Determining the different missions that can be captured from this revolutionary propulsion system
- Conceptual designs of spacecraft to reach various destinations whether to the edge of the solar system, or as Heliophysics sentinels around the sun , or to trips to examine a multitude of asteroids
These above activities, once demonstrated analytically, will require a technology demonstration mission (~2021 to 2023) to demonstrate that all systems work together seamlessly before a Heliophysics Electrostatic Rapid Transit System (HERTS) could be given the go-ahead. The proposed demonstration mission will require that a small spacecraft must first travel to cis-lunar space as the Electric Sail must be outside of Earth’s Magnetic fields to produce thrust. The paper will outline what was done over the past three years from performing various plasma chamber tests to obtain data for the PIC model development, investigation of tether material trades, and conceptual designs of proposed spacecraft.
Authors
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Bruce Wiegmann
(NASA-MSFC)
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Les Johnson
(NASA-MSFC)
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Jason Vaughn
(NASA Marshall Space Flight Center)
Topic Areas
Modeling , Plasma , Induced Effects (e.g., v x B)
Session
Session 7b » Instruments and Missions (14:50 - Wednesday, 17th May)
Paper
HERTS_Electric_Sail_Paper_for_the_Huntsville_Applied_Environments_Conference_2017--_FINAL--BM_Wiegmann_ED04_MSFC.docx
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