Surgical techniques in Facial Feminization Surgery

Modifying facial gender in the transition protocol is without doubt as important as hormone therapy and genital reconstruction. Facial Feminization Surgery (FFS) encompasses a group of surgical procedures designed to soften... [ view full abstract ]

Modifying facial gender in the transition protocol is without doubt as important as hormone therapy and genital reconstruction. Facial Feminization Surgery (FFS) encompasses a group of surgical procedures designed to soften and modify facial features perceived as masculine, exaggerated or non-harmonic.

Our aim is to present the latest advancements in FFS techniques and our clinical analysis after operating 650 transgender male-to-female patients. [ view full abstract ]

Our aim is to present the latest advancements in FFS techniques and our clinical analysis after operating 650 transgender male-to-female patients.

• Forehead reconstruction: to remodel the forehead by combining bone sculpture and frontonasal-orbital reconstruction, including osteotomy and repositioning of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus. • Lower jaw and chin... [ view full abstract ]

• Forehead reconstruction: to remodel the forehead by combining bone sculpture and frontonasal-orbital reconstruction, including osteotomy and repositioning of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus.
• Lower jaw and chin recontouring: to modify the width and height of the jaw, soften the jawline and modify the size, shape and position of the chin.
• Rhinoplasty: dorsal reduction, tip refinement and narrowing the nasal bones can be performed depending on the individual needs of the patient.
• Adam’s apple reduction: to reduce the thyroid cartilage by burring or using a scalpel.

Combined techniques:

• Forehead reconstruction and simultaneous hair transplant: take advantage of the strip of scalp obtained during the forehead reconstruction approach to collect the follicular units and perform the hair transplant in the same surgical time.
• Forehead reconstruction and rhinoplasty: during forehead reconstruction, when the root of the nose is too high or projected, a burr is used to lower the frontonasal transition to the desired position.
• Rhinoplasty and lip lift: an open rhinoplasty is carried out at the level of the superior incision of the lip lift and the columellar skin flap is raised without any other higher incision.

Description of surgical techniques. [ view full abstract ]

Description of surgical techniques.

Clinical analysis and evaluation after operating 650 transgender male-to-female patients. [ view full abstract ]

Clinical analysis and evaluation after operating 650 transgender male-to-female patients.

The purpose of FFS is to treat gender dysphoria, helping the patient feel more comfortable in her own body, but also helping her to be perceived by others as the woman she is. Any patient undergoing FFS must have clear,... [ view full abstract ]

The purpose of FFS is to treat gender dysphoria, helping the patient feel more comfortable in her own body, but also helping her to be perceived by others as the woman she is. Any patient undergoing FFS must have clear, detailed information about the techniques, how they are carried out, the associated postoperative experience and all of the potential risks and complications.