Facial feminization surgery of forehead: combined augmentation and bone reduction technique

Forehead surgery for facial feminization is one of the most common procedure in male-to-female transgender. Current surgical procedure techniques including eye brow bone shaving, forehead bone augmentation, forehead bone... [ view full abstract ]

Forehead surgery for facial feminization is one of the most common procedure in male-to-female transgender. Current surgical procedure techniques including eye brow bone shaving, forehead bone augmentation, forehead bone reconstruction, and hairline lowering. The typical male forehead consisting brow bone bossing and flat instead of round shape in female forehead. Combination of supra orbital ridge reduction and augmentation at the upper part should give better results, and more feminine.

To describe the author’s surgical techniques for forehead feminization surgery consisting forehead bone bossing reduction combined augmentation with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) sheet, and hairline advancement in... [ view full abstract ]

To describe the author’s surgical techniques for forehead feminization surgery consisting forehead bone bossing reduction combined augmentation with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) sheet, and hairline advancement in male-to-female transgender.

Between February 2002 and September 2016, there were 1250 cases had been performed forehead feminization surgery in 815 transwomen and 435 biologic women. There were 720 cases had been performed forehead surgery as a single... [ view full abstract ]

Between February 2002 and September 2016, there were 1250 cases had been performed forehead feminization surgery in 815 transwomen and 435 biologic women.
There were 720 cases had been performed forehead surgery as a single procedure, and 530 cases were performed with other facial surgical procedures. Supra orbital ridge reduction as a single procedure was performed in 500 cases and combined with forehead augmentation in 750 cases. The ePTFE sheet was carved and fashioned for case by case via frontal hairline or retro hairline incision.

There were two cases of infection in patients had previous filler material injection. Ten cases complained about visible the edge of the prosthesis. There were two case of minimal folding of the implant. There were three cases... [ view full abstract ]

There were two cases of infection in patients had previous filler material injection. Ten cases complained about visible the edge of the prosthesis. There were two case of minimal folding of the implant. There were three cases of implant malposition.

The majority of patients were satisfied with the results. There were eleven cases requested for cosmetic purpose of revision surgery. Two cases needed implant removal. [ view full abstract ]

The majority of patients were satisfied with the results. There were eleven cases requested for cosmetic purpose of revision surgery. Two cases needed implant removal.

Forehead feminization surgery with supra orbital ridge (brow bone) reduction combined with forehead augmentation in selected cases achieve the goal of forehead feminization. The risks, morbidity, and operation time should be... [ view full abstract ]

Forehead feminization surgery with supra orbital ridge (brow bone) reduction combined with forehead augmentation in selected cases achieve the goal of forehead feminization. The risks, morbidity, and operation time should be less than the invasive technique of forehead bone reconstruction.