Eliminating Cancer Health Disparities among Urban Slum Dwellers in Nigeria

Introduction Despite implementation of programs for cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment in Nigeria, a disproportionate number of slum dwellers and other medically underserved populations in urban areas still... [ view full abstract ]

Introduction
Despite implementation of programs for cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment in Nigeria, a disproportionate number of slum dwellers and other medically underserved populations in urban areas still bear a greater burden of cancer than the general population. The consequences of such disparities include late stage diagnosis when the severity is greater and options for treatment, as well as the odds of survival, are decreased.

Methods
This paper examined published literature that addresses the complex and multifaceted nature of cancer health disparities among medically underserved populations in Nigeria. It discusses policy and programmatic implications and proposes ways of reducing such disparities.

Results
Causes of cancer disparities in Nigeria can be linked to socioeconomic, behavioral, biological, cultural, environmental and political factors such as lack of awareness, limited access to care including prevention, early detection, lower quality treatment when cancer is diagnosed, lack of health insurance and differences in behaviors that increase cancer risk, such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and lack of physical activity. Some factors, however, make the reduction and ultimate elimination of cancer disparities possible. Slum dwellers are often located in defined geographical areas which allow intense and focused programmatic efforts that address their unique needs and can reach most of them and have major impact. These approaches must engage all facets of such dwellings—individual, family, neighborhood, organizations, and policy makers. Provision of community based health insurance would also help to improve access to quality cancer care.

Conclusion
More data sources and improved study methodology are needed to better identify and explore factors contributing to cancer disparities among slum dwellers. This will contribute immensely to the development and implementation of appropriate interventions.