Use of Electric Drive in Light Duty Vehicles in the U.S. to Achieve Resilience and Sustainability.

Use of Electric Drive in Light Duty Vehicles in the U.S. to Achieve Resilience and Sustainability. D. Santini^, A. Burnham, Y. Zhou, and M. Rood. Argonne National Laboratory Systems Assessment Group Presented at the... [ view full abstract ]

Use of Electric Drive in Light Duty Vehicles in the U.S. to Achieve Resilience and Sustainability.

D. Santini^, A. Burnham, Y. Zhou, and M. Rood. Argonne National Laboratory Systems Assessment Group

Presented at the Joint ISIE-ISSST 2017 Conference, June 25-29, 2017, Chicago, IL

Science in Support of Sustainable Communities

Future of Electric Vehicles Session, June 28

Two recent studies of future advanced powertrains with biofuels, electric drive and conventional internal combustion engines are compared.  For the more recent 2016 study, levelized costs of driving (LCD) estimates suggest that at high volume production, (A) hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and (B) plug-in hybrid (PHEV) electric vehicles with adequate electric power for all-electric charge depletion for 15 km operation would have lower LCD in most cases than(C) extended range electric vehicles(EREVs) with 56 km of range (D) pure battery electric vehicles (BEVs)and have overlapping LCD with (E) advanced gasoline LDVs. Modifications and updates of this 2016 study result in a revised least LCD ranking for a 56 km range PHEV design that had not previously been included, but is now in the marketplace (presently with 40 km of range).  An HEV/PHEV56km technological package using many similar components would enable provision of energy security at both the national and local level by providing multiple options for reductions of local use of petroleum-derived gasoline.  Shocks to availability of remote gasoline sources can be mitigated by the local,sustainable redundancy provided cost-effectively by PHEVs operated electrically with high renewables content.  PHEVs with 56 or more km of range are very likely to primarily drive all-electrically.  For such PHEVs zero tailpipe emissions dominate in everyday local driving, thereby coming close to the goal of zero urban tailpipe emissions sought from BEVs.  Providing for early morning charging of such PHEVs can enable “harvesting” of wind energy,increasing the sustainable renewable share of electric miles driven.   The comparisons and adjustments made in the presentation shift estimates of lowest LCD from (1) HEVs and short range PHEVs with 15 km range to (2) HEVs, PHEVs with 56 km of range, and/or a range extended BEVx technology with 115 km of range that use engines fueled by bio-gasoline forseries hybrid intercity travel.  Future research on potential nichemarkets where BEV LCD will be lower than for other vehicle-fuel combinations isplanned.  Niche markets where BEVs may succeed include (1) highperformance luxury vehicles, (2) intensively used shared vehicles (3) BEVsusing vehicle-to-grid connections to provide grid stability (4) BEVswith urban use only.

^ Corresponding author: dsantini@anl.gov

The submitted manuscript has been created by Argonne National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy laboratory managed by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government.