NAVIGATING UNCHARTED WATERS- METHODOLOGICAL CHOICES FROM A GROUNDED THEORY STUDY

Background Classical Glaserian Grounded Theory involves a series of important methodological decisions fundamental to the correct application of the method and pose a challenge for new researchers. This paper describes... [ view full abstract ]

Background
Classical Glaserian Grounded Theory involves a series of important methodological decisions fundamental to the correct application of the method and pose a challenge for new researchers. This paper describes examples of the practical application of the method in one study to serve as a guide for novice grounded theorists.
Aim
This paper discusses the methodological choices made when undertaking a Grounded Theory study with examples of the steps involved and rationale for choices made.

Methodology
Classical Glaserian Grounded Theory was used in a study investigating moral distress among emergency nurses. Grounded Theory typically involves multiple methodological choices. This paper describes the decision points involved in conducting one grounded theory study.

Findings
The methodological journey began with choosing grounded theory as a research method. Then Glaser’s method was chosen over Strauss and Corbin’s (1990) version or Constructive Grounded Theory (Charmaz, 2000). An initial literature review was conducted but was kept broad in keeping with Glaser’s dictum of ‘staying open’ and ‘avoiding preconception’. Theoretical sensitivity was obtained by reading grounded theory studies from other research areas. Initial sampling was a purposive sample of nurses who work in the area of interest. Theoretical sampling was used later as the study progressed. A conversational interview method was used to instil a spill of data from participants. Multi-positional observation in clinical areas generated additional codes. Data collection and analysis were conducted concurrently in keeping with the constant comparative method of data analysis (Glaser and Strauss, 1967). Memos were written extensively to include observational memos, interview memos, methodological memos and theoretical memos. Multiple theoretical frameworks were subjected to constant comparison with the data and emerging categories to help integrate the emerging grounded theory.

Conclusion
Accurate recording of methodological decision points helps ensure qualitative rigour and act as a guide for other researchers using these methods.