Can Vitamin D protect against Cardiovascular Disease?

Internationally, Cardiovascular Disease is responsible for 23% of the total European disease burden resulting in over 4.3 million deaths annually. In Ireland it is the most common cause of death, accounting for 35% of all... [ view full abstract ]

Internationally, Cardiovascular Disease is responsible for 23% of the total European disease burden resulting in over 4.3 million deaths annually. In Ireland it is the most common cause of death, accounting for 35% of all deaths in 2008, with a 40% increase in prevalence expected by 2020. Vitamin D plays an integral part in the regulation of the cardiovascular system, endocrine system and immune system. In adequate doses Vitamin D can potentially reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and ultimately cardiovascular disease incident. But where is the evidence?
In order to carry out a literature review, a comprehensive search strategy for this topic was carried out using the general medical database Embase and Pubmed.
Interventional studies support Vitamin D supplementation, demonstrating reductions in blood pressure, and Cardiovascular disease mortality, but some evidence is inconsistent and of poor quality. However, systematic reviews have consistently shown an inverse relationship between low Vitamin D levels and increased risk of Cardiovascular Disease.
European guidelines recognise the potential of this unique vitamin in Cardiovascular disease prevention, but as of yet supplements are recommended only for those at risk of bone disease and with deficient serum levels. 1 billion people worldwide are Vitamin D deficient, a condition which is easy to treat, however more robust and definitive evidence is needed before advocating routine supplementation for those at risk of heart disease.
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