Development of social relationships as a basis of mixed monetary resources: a case study of Japanese WISE

  The objective of this paper is to identify the existence of development and accumulation of the various social relationships in the mixed financial resources of the organisations that are established a ssocial enterprises.... [ view full abstract ]

  The objective of this paper is to identify the existence of development and accumulation of the various social relationships in the mixed financial resources of the organisations that are established a ssocial enterprises. It is known that such social enterprises can attract different types of economic resources, but it is often invisible that a wide variety of social relationships are also drawn into these organisations in thebackground of the mixed resources.

  Through a case study of a WISE for homeless support in Japan, we analyse the financial data from the organisation in order to highlight the importance of the development and expansion of the social relationships behind the hybridization of the monetary resources of social enterprises.

  This is a case study of a homeless support organisation, called Hoboku (抱樸),which has been leading the advocacy in the issue of homeless and social exclusion problems in Japan. This organisation has been working on the homeless issues in the past30 years.

  In this paper, the results of the analysis of the case study with Hobuku were presented from two aspects. Firstly, this paper explained the Hoboku’s economic development based on the data of monetary resources. This paper showed that the percentage of reciprocal monetary resources decreased in the process of the hybridization, this paper also showed that the amount itself of this resource increased and the origins of reciprocal resources such as monetary and in-kind diversified. Secondly, this paper identifies the existence of development and accumulation of the various social relationships which contributes the hybrid economy. This paper also showed the various social relationships such as the social relationships in which the market exchange is embedded, the social relationships of civil movements, the social networks to empowerment of the poor individuals, and the diversities of reciprocal relationships. 

  This paper aims to contribute to the studies which tend to analyse the hybrid of social enterprises from the monetary side and the studies which attempt to capture the invisible social relationships hidden in the hybrid.