Organic/inorganic nanoplatform for detection of cancer

A systemic toxicity of the patient organism is an important issues of the conventional chemotherapy treatment of cancer. The possible route to overcome the overall poisoning of organism is targeted delivery and controlled... [ view full abstract ]

A systemic toxicity of the patient organism is an important issues of the conventional chemotherapy treatment of cancer. The possible route to overcome the overall poisoning of organism is targeted delivery and controlled release of cytotoxins to the cancer cells. In recent years we witness accelerated research in the field of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). The specific and genuine interactions between the antibody and antigen directs the ADCs to the tumor cells. The controlled release of cytotoxins to tumor cells significantly lowers the systemic toxicity. The ADCs can be enhanced by a use of suitable platform [1]. With the invent of graphene and the other 2D materials their capabilities were extensively scrutinized for biomedical applications. Functionalized MoS2 layer exhibit extraordinary high sensitivity for detection of cancer related antigens. The rapid progress in covalent and non-covalent functionalization of exfoliated MoS2 layers opens new opportunities for binding of biocompatible molecules and proteins.
In this work we prepared exfoliated MoS2 nanoplatelets and modified with suitable linker molecules to which the cytotoxins will be attached. The linker molecules allow controlled release of cytotoxin in cancer cells. The added value of MoS2 is the strong Raman signal and photoluminiscence in red part (above 600 nm) of visible spectrum.
The alternative way would be to use graphene based nanoplatform. In particular, the hydrophilic character of GO permits the manufacture of reliable, highly sensitive and ultrafast biosensing (nano)platforms.
Basic characterization of modified MoS2, GO and rGO, in terms of the degree of oxidation, exfoliation and nanoparticle size, are performed by SAXS and by XPS. The monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specifically obtained from the medium of hybridoma cells are proteins and the COOH group will be used for binding to nanoplatform with the amino groups on their surfaces. In the next step binding, internalization and effects of the functionalized GO-nanoplatform on the living cells using biological approaches will be studied.

Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No. APVV-15-0641 and No. APVV-14-0120, and by project COST CA-15107.

References
[1] R. Duncan, Polymer conjugates as anticancer nanomedicines. Nat Rev Cancer 6, 688-701 (2006).