Multiple Sclerosis Fatigue and Identity: Perceptions of People with MS

Background: Occupation is the primary way in which individuals express their identities. Occupational therapists can assist clients in restoring identities, especially in the presence of chronic illnesses such as multiple... [ view full abstract ]

Background:
Occupation is the primary way in which individuals express their identities. Occupational therapists can assist clients in restoring identities, especially in the presence of chronic illnesses such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Fatigue is one of the most common and disabling symptoms of MS, yet it is not known how MS fatigue affects identity.
Method:
This study explored how fatigue affected identity from the perspectives of people with MS. A qualitative case study was used to understand identity issues of people with MS fatigue. In-depth individual interviews and recordings of a six week group fatigue management program were transcribed and analyzed. The constant comparative method was used to derive themes.
Results:
Participants adjusted the way they performed daily activities, which changed self-perception. They struggled with not being as busy and active as prior to diagnosis. Some participants described a mourning process which led to a resolution of a new identity. Discussion with others with MS in the group helped individuals re-conceptualize their situations.
Conclusion:
Perceptions of MS fatigue, occupation, and identity are closely connected. Understanding how fatigue affects identity from the perspectives of people with MS can help occupational therapists assist clients in the process of identity restoration.
Application to Practice:
Occupational therapists are concerned with engagement in meaningful occupation, which affords a unique opportunity to guide clients in identity development. The results from this study can have a powerful influence in occupational therapy by illuminating the connection between occupation and identity, allowing therapists to support individuals with MS.