THEORY DEVELOPMENT IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF TOOLS FOR THEORY CONSTRUCTION

Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health defined components of health and health related states. There are four components including participation, which is defined as ‘a person’s... [ view full abstract ]

Background:
The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health defined components of health and health related states. There are four components including participation, which is defined as ‘a person’s involvement in a life situation’. However activities and participation are linked which means a lack of conceptual clarity exists (Khetani & Coster, 2007). The aim of this study was to critically explore methods of theory construction in order to understand how to develop a conceptual framework of participation for people experiencing mental health needs.

Method:
A critical literature review, following a comprehensive literature search, was undertaken to identify relevant methods of theory construction.

Results:
Thirteen methods of concept analysis were identified many of which were derived from a framework developed by Wilson in 1963 (Beckwith et al 2008). Key elements of concept analysis were identified. Walker and Avant’s (2011) method of theory development is widely used in nursing (e.g. Manais 2010) and is developing credence in occupational therapy (e.g. Wagman et al 2011).

Conclusion:
Walker & Avant’s (2011) approach to theory construction is applicable to occupational therapy because it enables the development of theory that is not only defensible but congruent with practice.

Application to Practice:
With conceptual clarity, a common language for describing health and health related states emerges. Walker & Avant’s (2011) approach to theory construction is a useful tool to use for theory construction in occupational therapy. Theory construction enables the identification and/or the development of tools to be to measure the effectiveness of practice in research studies.