Graphene plates and their derivates in glioma therapy

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant primary tumor. The most important feature of this type of cancer is the presence of necrotic areas and atypical vascularization as well as the presence atypical cells with nuclear... [ view full abstract ]

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant primary tumor. The most important feature of this type of cancer is the presence of necrotic areas and atypical vascularization as well as the presence atypical cells with nuclear pleomorphism and high proliferative ratio. Despite many years of research glioma is still the most deadly form of human cancer. It is therefore necessary to seek innovative experimental therapies to treat this type of tumor. Graphene and their derivates are a 2D carbon sheet with a honeycomb structure that exhibits extraordinary physical and electrical properties. One outstanding electrical feature of graphene is that its electron mobility derives from the presence of pi (π) electrons located above and below the graphene sheet. Graphene has many biological activity, including anticancer properties. In this work 3 forms of graphene oxide plate (GO), 2 forms of graphene plates (GR), and 4 forms of reduced graphene oxide plate (rGO) were synthesis, described and its influence on glioma IV cells was investigated, using U87, T98G and A172 cell lines as a model. There were tested five concentrations of each plates: 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 µg/ml. The morphology of cancer cells treated with GO, GR and rGO was assessed using the light microscopy. To determine the cytotoxic effect of plates on U87, T98G and A172 cell line, were used Cell Proliferation Assay (MTT), that allow to asses metabolic activity of cells. The viability of the cell lines was evaluated using PrestoBlue® viability test. Each of plates type had a differential effect on U87, T98G and A172 cell line. Six types of platelets reduced cell viability and proliferation with increasing doses, but three of them increased the number of glioma cell and the mitochondrial metabolism. There were any interaction between type of plates and cell effects. Graphene and their derivates have potential in glioma therapy but only after individual adjustment.

This work is supported by the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR) under Grant LIDER/144/L6/14/NCBR/2015