Nearshore, artisanal fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) strengthen fisher livelihoods and alleviate pressure on reef resources in Timor-Leste

Convincing examples of coastal interventions that have successfully improved livelihoods and reduced threats to biodiversity are rare. In coastal Timor-Leste, some of the world’s most diverse coral reefs are juxtaposed with... [ view full abstract ]

Convincing examples of coastal interventions that have successfully improved livelihoods and reduced threats to biodiversity are rare. In coastal Timor-Leste, some of the world’s most diverse coral reefs are juxtaposed with one of the poorest and most malnourished populations. Fishing effort is low, but is largely restricted to nearshore habitats by limited capacity (boats, engines, fishing gear, and knowledge) to access pelagic resources. Yet, fish is an underutilized source of animal protein for food security, with the capacity to substantially increase availability of micronutrients and beneficial fats vital to brain development, motor function and growth. We tested the utility of deploying nearshore FADs to increase access to resilient and highly productive small pelagic stocks by artisanal fishers. Using landings data from FAD and non-FAD sites, we tested the effects of FAD presence on catch rates and species assemblages, using an index of relative importance to highlight changes in exploitation patterns. Semi-structured interviews of community fishers and stakeholders were then undertaken to discuss and explore social-ecological aspects of behavioural change. Our results show significant increases in catch rates at FAD sites compared to control sites, and significant decreases in species diversity scores as catch shifted from reef to pelagic assemblages. Fisher effort (time spent fishing) remained constant, or decreased in response to FAD deployment, as desired catch volume was reached faster, allowing fishers to commit time to alternative livelihood strategies such as livestock farming and horticulture. These results suggest nearshore FADs are effective in providing short term livelihood and conservation benefits.