Description of the spatial distribution, seasonality, size and illegal trade of the Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus, Smith, 1828) in Venezuela

Data from 156 whale shark sightings were analyzed during the last 5 years in Venezuela. The information was obtained through direct observation and interviews with fishermen, divers, tourism operators, marine life... [ view full abstract ]

Data from 156 whale shark sightings were analyzed during the last 5 years in Venezuela. The information was obtained through direct observation and interviews with fishermen, divers, tourism operators, marine life photographers, coast guards and biologists throughout the Venezuelan coast. The sightings were recorded along the continental and insular shelves between 0.5 and 20 nautical miles from coast, in areas characterized by high productivity. The greatest geo-referenced presence of whale sharks occurred in the central coast of Venezuela, and the lowest presence was recorded towards the eastern coast, where contrary to the greatest fishing events and illegal commercialization were registered. The sightings occurred between September and April, but it was more frequent during December and January (the months with lower SST of the year, 22-24 °C). A total of 17 fishing and illegal trade events were recorded, 11 stranding’s of which 3 were rescued thanks to the creation of the Whale Shark Care Network of the Shark Research Center of Venezuela (CIT Spanish acronyms) and several education workshops with the fishing communities during 2017 and 2018. The total length registered for whale sharks was 3-16 meters, with 71% between 3-5 meters. Additionally, 52 images and videos of whale sharks were analyzed on the coast of Venezuela that will allow the creation of a database to identify individuals for ecological studies.