Eolian deposits are important paleoclimate indicators and have been widely used to constrain ancient climate models. They are evidence for paleolatitudinal distribution of arid to semi-arid environments, and sometimes they stands for ancient ergs. Eolian deposits spread widely during Cretaceous time in China, almost all over China. It indicates that China may experience a period of arid climate during Cretaceous, which is quite important information for paleoclimatic reconstructions. Combined with field works in Jiangxi, Hubei and Yunnan Provinces in Southeastern and Southwestern China, the laboratory analysis further confirmed the existence of eolian deposits in China. Eolian deposits are as different from as they are the same in different places. For common, they covered large areas and deposited about tens to hundreds meter thick with large-scale high-angle cross-stratification and textural bimodality. Pinkish to reddish, very fine to medium-grained, well-sorted and round-grained sandstones, which are highly mature texturally and mineralogically, consisting polished and/or iron oxide-covered quartz grains. Aeolian microtextures in quartz such as dish- and crescent-shaped impact scars and frosted surfaces, analysed by SEM, are also typical features. In Jiangxi, the eolian deposits have some special features, such as polygonal cracks and bleaching effect, and four lithofacies, which include dune, interdune, sand sheet and extradune, develop better with clear surfaces. Ventifacts have been found there. As paleoclimatic indicator, besides arid climate, the orientation of the dunes and the internal cross-bedding structures, records the palaeowind directions. Three series of paleowind directions have been measured in different provinces, showing the change of the winds during Cretaceous in southeastern and southwestern China.
