Exploring co-production processes and outcomes: a systematic review

This article examines the determinants and outcomes of co-production of public services. Three research questions are posed: What is the role of citizens in co-production? What are the determinants of co-production? What are... [ view full abstract ]

This article examines the determinants and outcomes of co-production of public services. Three research questions are posed: What is the role of citizens in co-production? What are the determinants of co-production? What are the outcomes of co-production? The study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the impact of co-production by undertaking a systematic review. We depart from traditional academics reviews by examining policy and practice evidence that is drawn from 56 worldwide cases. Analysis identifies four factors enabling of co-production: planning, establishing partnerships, participation and collaboration. Outcomes of co-production in public services are also examined. Evaluation of this evidence is used to articulating a co-production model for sustainable public services. Discussions for future research are considered.