Over the years, oil activity has gained an important strategic position in world economy and politics, and has established oil as the main source of global energy. However, it is characterized as highly polluting and... [ view full abstract ]
Over the years, oil activity has gained an important strategic position in world economy and politics, and has established oil as the main source of global energy. However, it is characterized as highly polluting and aggressive to the environment, which comes in opposition to the new changes in the paradigm of relations between society and the environment. Globally, environmental variables are now included in the system of planning and management of companies, as well as in official regulatory bodies. In this context, there is reflection of the responsibility of the petroleum sector with the environment and the individuals impacted by its activities. One of the environmental problems is the generation of waste from offshore activities that can directly impact on the terrestrial infrastructure. In Brazil, it is expected that, with the guidelines proposed by the National Solid Waste Policy, companies in the sector adopt measures for an efficient management of the waste generated and landed along the Brazilian coast. Thus, this article adopted the Campos Basin as the object of study, as well as the final disposal capacity of solid waste from the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and the waste management system implemented by the facilities Offshore. Throughout the work, it is discussed the importance of an efficient solid waste management and ways of environmentally safe disposal. It was studied how the solid waste management throughout the Southeast Region has been applied, as this consists of the states directly affected by the waste arising from the oil activities in the Campos Basin. It was concluded that the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo are the most affected by the offshore solid waste final disposal from the Campos Basin. Furthermore, the amount of petroleum residues landed (Class I and Class IIA) is insignificant when compared to the daily amount generated by the states of the Southeast Region. The results allowed the observation of the intensification of solid waste generation by the sector, to identify the main faults and to follow in an integrated way the waste management by the sector. In addition, they assist in the implementation of the National Solid Waste Policy and in the Inventory of Industrial Solid Waste, especially if we are considering a horizon of expansion of production due to the exploitation of new reserves. The importance of keep monitoring the evaluation of the environmental impacts of existing and planned petroleum projects is highlighted. Therefore, it is necessary that the companies of the sector adopt measures that allow and prioritize the reuse of the generated waste and, consequently, the extension of its life cycle. It is necessary to cooperate between the stages of the oil industry's production chain, seeking the optimization of consumption, generation, treatment and proper final destination of solid waste. In this way, it would be possible to implement sustainable, inclusive projects that would allow an efficient synergy between the stakeholders, the government and other actors in the chain.
Keywords: Solid waste, petroleum, policy.
