Sustainability goes beyond protecting nature for future generations; current generation and many other aspects must be considered and included, as well as their balanced relationship and possible synergies. Similarly, complete peace is not just the absence of violent confrontation to settle differences, but the harmonic confluence of justice, fairness, freedom, opportunity, inclusion, presence and transparency of the state to avoid factors and seminal risks of conflict and violence. An increasingly preoccupying paradox is that an important part of the territories being abandoned by FARC, are under fight between ELN, BACRIM and the Government to occupy and control them.
Current prevailing view of development over-emphasizes unlimited economic growth and private economic accumulation; True development is a complex and multidimensional process of permanent construction of individuals, communities, territories, nations towards a better world and a "better life" for all.
Based in this latter logic, we built the Sustainable Territorial Development Index, STD If and apply it to all municipalities and departments of Colombia to test its validity. The index expresses the sum of five “wealths” or richness (human, intellectual, public, private and Natural / Environmental), which should exist in each municipality and territory and interact synergistically. Statistical processing of data provides interesting results: 1) Colombia is growing at the expense of natural resources and ecosystems and of increasing risk of its population; 2) As the value of STD if grows, its variance increases , meaning the distance between the five wealth increases, towards a greater imbalance between them. 3) The difference between the actual values of the five wealth is very large, meaning a high unbalance, which requires reducing the distance between them as soon as possible of more sustainability is sought. PCA, Principal Components Analysis, Moran index for "clustering") and regression analysis, with some geographic Control variables (Physical distance to capitals and ports, presence of illicit crops, illegal mining and climate preference) confirmed "remoteness" of the Municipalities in reference to the “decision centers" of the country. A fast and effective presence of state is needed in these territories, especially in the municipalities where FARC-EP is leaving their armed presence.
Another planning tool for sustainable development, called PEPET, "Prospective Strategic Planning with Triaxial Scenarios", (Planeación Estratégica Prospectiva con Escenarios Triaxiales, in Spanish) is presented, as a pertinent tool for more participatory and regionally differentiated decision-making. Delphi method is used for conducting queries to face panels about the most important issues at national level; then, massive online consultations are conducted to regional experts in order to choose the most relevant of these issues to their regions in their areas of expertise, and a synthesis of responses under two opposed scenarios are obtained. The results of two national consultations, one on science and technology and other to public administration professionals about their training requirements for post-agreement of peace era, demonstrate the pertinence and validity of the method and signal the importance of areas such as risk management and environmental and natural resource protection.
1a Sustainable development science: fundamental concepts (definitions, fundamental concept
