Landscape analysis of resident attitudes toward timber rattlesnakes

The landscape of Connecticut creates unique challenges for wildlife management because of a large proportion of land classified as wildland-urban interface (72%), and a high human population density (4th highest in US). This... [ view full abstract ]

The landscape of Connecticut creates unique challenges for wildlife management because of a large proportion of land classified as wildland-urban interface (72%), and a high human population density (4^th highest in US). This is particularly true for species perceived as uncharismatic or dangerous by humans, such as the timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus).  Timber rattlesnakes are endangered in Connecticut, where they occur within two isolated populations.  There is also little information from the Northeastern region about human perceptions of this species. Therefore, our objective was to model and map the spatial distribution of attitudes toward timber rattlesnakes in relation to rattlesnake habitat in central Connecticut. A mail survey (n=593) was used to collect attitudes and perceptions information from residents who live near the rattlesnake population.  Next, spatial analysis identified potential areas of greatest risk to rattlesnakes (e.g., clusters of negative human attitudes toward rattlesnakes; relatively high density of houses, lawns, and impervious surfaces).  Then, a weighted overlay analysis integrated attitude data with land cover variables and locations of human encounters with rattlesnakes.  From mail survey data, two main attitude variables emerged: one focused on human coexistence with the species, and the other focused on human-perceived threat from the species.  Spatial analyses revealed spatially distinct clusters of both attitude variables within the study area.  These areas were classified in terms of their combined rattlesnake habitat suitability and probability of human-rattlesnake conflict.  Results of weighted overlay analysis suggested three landscape “types”: low habitat suitability with high conflict potential, low habitat suitability with mixed conflict potential, and high habitat suitability with low conflict potential.  Collectively, results imply opportunity for multiple targeted management approaches based on interspersion of rattlesnake movement and therefore conflict potential, available forestland, attitudes toward rattlesnakes, and distance from den sites.  This landscape level approach can provide guidance for customizing management actions spatially among diverse land use and attitudes toward wildlife species.