A Resilience-based model to Child Sexual Abuse

Introduction The multiagency response to allegations of child sexual abuse (CSA) often lacks coordination between and within agencies. Current management tends to focus predominantly on risk management with limited... [ view full abstract ]

Introduction

The multiagency response to allegations of child sexual abuse (CSA) often lacks coordination between and within agencies. Current management tends to focus predominantly on risk management with limited attention given to how resilience can be promoted as a means to overcoming adversity.  We looked for the evidence around resilience in CSA in order to give support to a framework that may improve current practices.

Methods

A search strategy was devised and a systematic literature search of the major databases followed.  Both qualitative and quantitative peer-reviewed studies that included resilience and its promotion in victims of CSA were included.  The evidence found was critically appraised.  Case studies of CSA used to highlight limitations in  current practices.   

Results

Resilience post-CSA can be achieved through managing both risk factors and promoting protective factors.  Risk management includes targeted intervention by professionals. Risk management, including preventative strategies, aim at rendering the child safe from further harm.  Non-professional contribution in the form of support and stability, offer the major source of protective influences, thus the most powerful resilient promoting factor in CSA. Engaging in positive experiences at school and within communities also enhance resilience. Internal resilient promoting factors include positive self-esteem and better adaptive coping skills. The victimised child should not be over-sheltered by carers or services involved. 

Conclusions A resilience-based model to CSA is child-centred and advocates for services to work together aiming towards providing a holistic and ecological response.  It can serve as the basis for policy changes reflecting services that fit the needs of the child, prevent re-victimisation and offer targeted intervention that promote resilience. This framework aims to providing a more cost-effective approach and improve long-term outcomes. This model can be promoted through joint multiagency training that provides professionals with a better understanding of their role in responding to CSA.